Thanaka is a natural ingredient extracted from the bark of the Limonia acidissima tree. A core part of Burmese heritage for hundreds of years, this golden-yellow paste adorns the faces of women, men, and children alike, serving not only as a beauty enhancer but also as a powerful skincare remedy.
Mothers apply thanaka to their babies' skin after bathing, believing it keeps them cool and provides nutritional benefits. Children grow up with the ritual, and for many Burmese women, a bare face without thanaka is considered incomplete. The tradition is so ingrained that it features prominently in Myanmar's art, literature, and music, with composers and poets often praising the beauty of women adorned with thanaka.
The process of creating thanaka paste is an art in itself. People grind the bark or roots of thanaka trees, which are at least 35 years old, on a circular stone slab called a kyauk pyin. They add water to the ground thanaka to create a smooth texture. Thanaka is usually newly prepared before each application because the paste is most effective when fresh.
Application styles vary, but commonly, people apply a thin layer to the entire face and neck as a base. They then add another layer to areas most exposed to the sun like the cheeks, nose, and forehead. Some prefer simple circular patches on the cheeks, while others create unique designs using leaves as stencils. The paste appears watery at first but dries to a golden hue.
Thanaka's enduring popularity isn't just due to tradition - its numerous skincare benefits have been scientifically validated. This natural wonder offers a comprehensive range of advantages for the skin. Foremost among these is its high natural SPF, making it an effective sunscreen crucial for protection in Myanmar's tropical climate.
Rich in antioxidants, thanaka is a potent weapon against aging, helping to combat free radicals and potentially reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties make it an excellent natural remedy for acne and other skin conditions, promoting clearer, healthier-looking skin.
Thanaka's skin-brightening properties are attributed to an enzyme called tyrosinase, which aids in melanin synthesis. Melanin synthesis results in an even skin tone which improves the complexion. As a natural moisturizer, the paste helps keep skin hydrated, resulting in a smooth and supple texture.
Beyond its direct skincare benefits, thanaka also acts as a shield against environmental stressors. It forms a protective barrier on the skin, helping to defend against pollution and other harmful elements.
While thanaka remains a beloved tradition in Myanmar, it faces competition from modern cosmetics, especially in urban areas. However, many Burmese people continue to use thanaka alongside contemporary makeup products, blending tradition with modernity. Some even incorporate thanaka into their nighttime skincare routines.
Recognizing its potential, efforts are being made to preserve and promote thanaka on a global scale. The Myanmar Thanaka Planters and Producers Association is working to encourage systematic cultivation methods and promote organic thanaka products. Value-added items such as thanaka powder, perfume, cream, and ointments are now being manufactured, aiming to introduce this ancient beauty secret to international markets.
As the world increasingly turns to natural and sustainable beauty solutions, thanaka stands out as a time-tested, eco-friendly option. Its journey from the forests of Myanmar to potentially becoming a global skincare sensation is a testament to the enduring appeal of natural remedies and the rich cultural heritage they represent.
